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France–Morocco relations : ウィキペディア英語版 | France–Morocco relations
France–Morocco relations are bilateral relations between Morocco and France. They are part of France-Africa relations. ==First exchanges (8th century)== (詳細はSpain from the coast of Morocco by the Berber Commander Tariq ibn Ziyad in 711, during the 8th century Arab and Berber armies invaded Southern France, as far as Poitiers and the Rhône valley as far as Avignon, Lyon, Autun, until the turning point of the Battle of Tours in 732.〔(''Tricolor and crescent: France and the Islamic world'' by William E. Watson p.1 )〕 Cultural exchanges followed. In the 10th century, the French monk Gerbert d'Aurillac, who became the first French Pope Sylvester II in 999, traveled to Spain to learn about Islamic culture, and may even have studied at the University of Al-Qarawiyyin in Fes, Morocco.〔(''The Champions of Change'' Dr. Allah Bakhsh Malik p.29''ff'' )〕 France would become again threatened by the proximity of the expanding Almoravid Empire in the 11th and 12th centuries.〔(''Reconquest and crusade in medieval Spain'' by Joseph F. O'Callaghan p.31 )〕
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